waste-battery-combustion-exhaust-gas

The waste gas generated by the combustion of waste batteries (such as incineration during disposal or recycling) has a complex composition, containing dust, acidic gases (HCl, SO₂, HF), heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, etc.), dioxins, and small amounts of VOCs. Treatment requires "multi-stage coordinated purification." The following is a typical process flow chart:

Process Flow for Waste Battery Combustion Waste Gas Treatment

1. Waste Gas Collection and Cooling
- High-temperature waste gas (approximately 800-1000°C) from the incinerator first enters a quench tower, where it is rapidly cooled to below 200°C using water spray or a quenching medium (to prevent secondary dioxin formation).
- The cooled waste gas is transported to the subsequent treatment system via an induced draft fan. The piping is constructed of high-temperature and corrosion-resistant materials (such as 316L stainless steel).
2. Pretreatment (Dust Removal + Preliminary Deacidification)
- High-temperature dust removal: The flue gas enters a ceramic filter or electrostatic precipitator to remove fly ash and particulate matter (including some heavy metal particles) from the flue gas, reducing clogging of subsequent equipment. - Semi-dry deacidification: Lime milk (Ca(OH)₂ slurry) is atomized in a rotary spray tower and mixed with the waste gas to partially neutralize HCl and SO₂, generating solid salts (which are removed along with the dust).

3. Core Purification (Deep Deacidification + Heavy Metal/Dioxin Removal)
- Wet Deep Deacidification: The waste gas enters a two-tower series absorption system. The first tower uses NaOH solution to further absorb residual HCl and HF; the second tower uses Na₂SO₃ solution to reduce and absorb SO₂, ensuring that the acid gas meets standards.
- Heavy Metal and Dioxin Removal:
- The waste gas enters an activated carbon adsorption tower (filled with impregnated activated carbon) to adsorb gaseous heavy metals such as Hg and dioxins.
- If the heavy metal concentration is high, a heavy metal chelation tower can be added (chelating agents are added to fix heavy metal ions).

4. End-of-pipe Treatment and Emissions
- The purified waste gas enters a bag filter to capture solid byproducts (such as salts and activated carbon dust) generated by previous processes. Finally, waste is discharged through an exhaust stack at least 15 meters high, equipped with an online monitoring system (monitoring particulate matter, SO₂, HCl, heavy metals, dioxins, and other indicators) to ensure compliance with hazardous waste incineration pollution control standards.

The core of this process is "rapid cooling to prevent dioxins + multi-stage deacidification + activated carbon adsorption." This coordinated treatment of waste battery combustion exhaust, combining dry + wet + adsorption methods, addresses the high toxicity and complexity of waste battery combustion exhaust, achieving full compliance with pollutant standards.