Introduction to the Process Principle and Features of Odor Removal Equipment
The biological filter deodorization process employs a biological method to eliminate odorous gases. Compared to traditional physicochemical treatment methods, the biological approach offers advantages such as avoiding or reducing secondary pollution, lower investment costs, reduced energy consumption, minimal operating expenses, simple equipment, and high deodorization efficiency—achieving over 90% effectiveness.
The process principle of biological filter deodorization relies on microbial biodegradation to absorb and degrade malodorous substances, thereby achieving odor removal.
Odorous gases pass through a moist, porous filter bed densely populated with active microorganisms. Utilizing the adsorption, absorption, and degradation capabilities of microbial cells, these microorganisms—characterized by small cell size, large surface area, strong adsorption capacity, and diverse metabolic pathways—adsorb malodorous substances and decompose them into simple inorganic compounds such as CO, H₂O, H₂SO₄, and HNO₃.
The biological filter method achieves high deodorization efficiency and is suitable for treating large volumes of low-concentration exhaust gases.
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Deodorization Mechanism
Based on the absorption-biofilm theory, microbial deodorization proceeds through the following steps:
(1) Pollutants in the exhaust gas first come into contact with water and dissolve into it (i.e., diffuse from the gas phase into the liquid phase);
(2) Pollutants dissolved in the liquid phase further diffuse into the biofilm driven by concentration gradients, where they are captured and adsorbed by microorganisms;
(3) Microorganisms convert pollutants into biomass, metabolic byproducts, and other harmless substances (e.g., CO₂, H₂O, N₂, S, and SO₄²⁻);
(4) Reaction products like CO₂ and N₂ desorb from the biofilm surface and rediffuse into the gas phase, while other substances (e.g., S and SO₄²⁻) are discharged with the nutrient solution or retained within the microorganisms.
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10 Dec,2025 
